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<\/figure>\n\n\n\nPet food labeling is governed by multiple laws and industry rules. In practice, those responsible for labeling must understand the overall framework and comply accordingly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is the Pet Food Safety Act?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n- Official name:<\/strong> Act on Securing Safety of Feed for Pet Animals<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Purpose:<\/strong> To ensure the safety of pet food, protect the health of companion animals, and contribute to animal welfare<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Effective date:<\/strong> June 1, 2009 (Heisei 21)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Competent authorities:<\/strong> Ministry of the Environment and Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (joint jurisdiction)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Covered animals:<\/strong> Dogs and cats (currently limited to these animals under the Act)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Key characteristics of the Pet Food Safety Act<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n- Mandatory labeling of the five required items<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Regulation of hazardous substances<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Notification (filing) obligation for manufacturers and importers<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Government monitoring and administrative measures\/orders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n
Penalties for labeling violations<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nViolations of the labeling obligations are punishable by imprisonment for up to one year and\/or a fine of up to 1,000,000 yen<\/strong>.
<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\nMandatory labeling under the Pet Food Safety Act<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Pet food is subject to the Act on Securing Safety of Feed for Pet Animals (commonly known as the Pet Food Safety Act), which defines required labeling items.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The Food Labeling Act for human food does not apply to pet food. Instead, the Pet Food Safety Act (enforced in 2009) provides the applicable standards. Under this Act, pet food sold in Japan must display the following five items in Japanese<\/strong> on the package:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/i><\/div><\/div>\n\n- Name:<\/strong> Indication that it is for dogs or for cats<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Best-before date:<\/strong> Displayed as year\/month\/day or year\/month<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Ingredients:<\/strong> All ingredients used (including additives)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Country of origin:<\/strong> The country where the final processing step was carried out<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Business operator name and address:<\/strong> The name (or individual name) and address of the responsible business operator<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Below, each item is explained with practical points for day-to-day labeling work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. Name: product name and intended animal category<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u201cName\u201d refers to the product name and the indication of whether it is for dogs and\/or cats. The front of the package must make it obvious at a glance whether the food is for dogs or cats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
For example, clearly state \u201c\u25cb\u25cb dog food\u201d or \u201c\u25b3\u25b3 cat food,\u201d separate from the brand\/product name if needed. In addition, include \u201cfor dogs\u201d or \u201cfor cats\u201d again in the consolidated labeling panel (detailed label area). If the product is suitable for both, it must be labeled \u201cfor dogs and cats.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Examples<\/h4>\n\n\n\nYou may add wording that clarifies the target animal and life stage, such as \u201cAdult dog food \u25cb\u25cb\u201d or \u201cKitten nutritional supplement.\u201d If the product can also be fed to animals other than dogs\/cats, you must still clearly indicate the dog\/cat applicability, e.g., \u201cfor dogs, cats, and \u25cb\u25cb.\u201d<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nThe name is often the first information consumers notice. Legally, it is sufficient to indicate \u201cfor dogs\u201d or \u201cfor cats,\u201d but in practice many brands include life stage (puppy, adult, senior) and use\/purpose for clarity. For example, \u201cComplete and balanced for adult dogs \u25cb\u25cb\u201d or \u201cWeight management cat food \u25b3\u25b3\u201d helps consumers understand the target and purpose immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Best-before date: clear year\/month(\/day) indication<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
The best-before date indicates the date until which the product can be fed while maintaining quality and palatability. It must be shown as year\/month\/day<\/strong> or year\/month<\/strong>, in that order, using Arabic numerals.<\/p>\n\n\n\nExamples: \u201cOctober 31, 2025\u201d or \u201cOctober 2025.\u201d (If only year\/month is shown, the best-before date is the last day of that month.) Display it clearly together with a label such as \u201cBest before:\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
If best-before information is coded (e.g., letters\/numbers printed on the seal area), it is recommended to add a consumer-friendly explanation such as: \u201cIn the LOT number, \u20182306\u2019 indicates June 2023,\u201d or \u201cBest-before is printed on the bottom in day\/month\/year order,\u201d to avoid confusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
You may also voluntarily display the manufacturing date or use-by date in addition to the best-before date. In all cases, because best-before is critical for safety and quality assurance, it should be easy for consumers to find and read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Ingredients: list all ingredients (including additives)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
The ingredients section must list all<\/strong> ingredients used in the product, without omission, including additives such as preservatives and colorants. The law does not explicitly mandate the order, but in practice it is generally recommended to list ingredients from highest to lowest inclusion level.<\/p>\n\n\n\nWhen labeling in accordance with the Fair Competition Code, the recommended format is: list non-additive ingredients in descending order by use amount, then list additives together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
When using additives for specific functions\u2014such as colorants, preservatives, or antioxidants\u2014labeling should include the additive name and its function\/purpose, for example: \u201cAntioxidant (mixed tocopherols).\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Certain processing aids (substances used during manufacturing that do not remain in the final product) may be exempt from labeling in some cases. However, exemptions are only allowed when supported by scientifically reasonable grounds. Be careful so that it is not considered an omission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Also note the handling of vitamin\/mineral premixes. It is not acceptable to label them simply as \u201cvitamin mix,\u201d etc. Each vitamin and mineral must be listed individually (e.g., \u201cVitamin A, Vitamin D, calcium, zinc\u2026\u201d).
\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Practical advice<\/div>\nThe ingredient list is a key source of information for consumers assessing what the product contains. Even when you want to emphasize differentiation (e.g., \u201cmade with \u25cb\u25cb chicken,\u201d \u201cgluten-free\u201d), you must label accurately within the legal framework.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
If you highlight ingredient origin or quality claims, avoid misleading wording (unfairly superior claims). Use fact-based expressions that do not create misunderstanding, such as \u201cContains X% \u25cb\u25cb chicken from \u25cb\u25cb,\u201d only where accurate, and keep the risk of misleading representation in mind (explained later).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
4. Country of origin: label the country of final processing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
The country of origin is the country where the final processing step<\/strong> for the pet food was completed. For imported products, the origin is not the country where ingredients were sourced, but the country where the product was finished as a product.<\/p>\n\n\n\nLabel as \u201cCountry of origin: \u25cb\u25cb.\u201d If it is manufactured in Japan, it may be labeled as \u201cJapan\u201d or \u201cMade in Japan\u201d (domestic). For example, even if the ingredients are from the U.S., if the food is processed and packed in Thailand, the country of origin should be \u201cThailand.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Country-of-origin labeling strongly affects perceived reliability and safety, so using other countries\u2019 names in ways that could mislead is strictly prohibited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
For example, placing a large foreign flag or map of a different country on the package, or using place names associated with a country other than the actual origin (\u201cParis\u201d when not made in France) can create the risk of misleading consumers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The Fair Competition Code also specifies that you must not use labeling that could mislead consumers about the origin beyond the origin statement itself. Even when promoting the use of overseas ingredients, keep the presentation consistent with the actual country-of-origin labeling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5. Business operator name and address: clearly identify the responsible party<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Packages must display the business operator\u2019s name (or individual name) and address. This ensures that, in case of problems, responsibility is clear and allows swift investigation and recall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In practice, it is recommended to clarify the operator type\u2014manufacturer, importer, or distributor\u2014for example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u201cManufacturer: \u25cb\u25cb Co., Ltd. (address\u2026)\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u201cImporter: \u25b3\u25b3 Trading Co., Ltd. (address\u2026)\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Avoid vague terms such as \u201cmanufactured by\u201d or \u201cdistributed by\u201d in an informal way; use formal role designations such as \u201cmanufacturer,\u201d \u201cimporter,\u201d or \u201cdistributor\/seller,\u201d as appropriate. Because the legal obligation is \u201cname and address,\u201d the address must be included\u2014not just the company name.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
For imported products, it is common to list the importer responsible for distribution in Japan. You may also list the overseas manufacturer, but it is not mandatory. Do not abbreviate the address; include details accurately, including building name and unit\/room number where applicable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Example<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n- Manufacturer: \u25cb\u25cb Pet Food Co., Ltd.
1-2-3 \u25cb\u25cb, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, \u25cb\u25cb Building 5F<\/li>\n\n\n\n - (Not recommended) \u201cMaker: \u25cb\u25cb Pet Food (Co.)\u201d \/ \u201cTokyo, Chiyoda-ku \u2026\u201d (abbreviated)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
These are the five mandatory items under the Pet Food Safety Act. It is generally recommended to group them into one consolidated labeling area. Even with limited package space, layout should be designed for clarity and readability. Next, we explain additional items under the \u201cFair Competition Code\u201d and other practical voluntary information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The \u201cfour labeling items\u201d under the Fair Competition Code<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The pet food industry in Japan has a self-regulatory standard called the \u201cFair Competition Code Concerning Labeling of Pet Food\u201d (approved by the Japan Fair Trade Commission and the Consumer Affairs Agency).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Member companies of the Pet Food Fair Trade Council comply with this Code and, in addition to the five legal items, they label four further items: purpose, net content, feeding method, and composition (guaranteed analysis).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nEven for non-member companies, these items are not legally mandatory, but they are essentially standard in practice because they provide consumers with useful information and are commonly expected in the marketplace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Purpose: intended use category<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Under the Code, pet food products should display the product\u2019s \u201cpurpose\u201d using one of the following four categories:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/i><\/div><\/div>\n\n- Complete and balanced<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Snacks\/treats<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Therapeutic diet<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Other purpose foods<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
This indicates how the product should be positioned (staple diet, treat, etc.), enabling consumers to understand its role correctly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Complete and balanced<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
A diet designed to provide all essential nutrients necessary to maintain health for a specific life stage when fed with water. It must specify the applicable life stage (puppy\/kitten, adult, senior, or \u201call life stages\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
To label a product \u201ccomplete and balanced,\u201d it must meet nutritional standards (e.g., AAFCO nutrient profiles) and the compliance must be supported via analysis and\/or feeding trials. Some labels also include a statement that the product meets the \u201ccomplete and balanced\u201d standards for a specified life stage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Snacks\/treats<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Supplemental foods fed as rewards or treats, such as jerky, biscuits, or freeze-dried treats. Because these are not staple foods and are often palatability-focused, it is also advisable to include guidance to avoid overfeeding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Therapeutic diet<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
A diet intended to support treatment or management of specific diseases under veterinary guidance. Because this category differs from general pet food, special care is needed with labeling (e.g., statements such as \u201cFeed only under the guidance of a veterinarian\u201d). Note that labeling therapeutic diets may require notification\/filing with the Fair Trade Council and must remain within acceptable labeling boundaries, including considerations related to pharmaceutical regulations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Other purpose foods<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Foods intended for purposes other than the above, such as complementary foods, side dishes, or topping-type products that are not complete and balanced. Such products should indicate that they are to be fed together with other foods (e.g., \u201cFeed in combination with complete and balanced food\u201d). Examples include \u201ccomplementary food,\u201d \u201cside dish,\u201d or \u201csupplementary food.\u201d
\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Practical advice<\/div>\nThis purpose labeling is critical\u2014especially \u201ccomplete and balanced,\u201d which signals that the diet is nutritionally complete as the main meal. If a product that does not meet the standards is labeled in a way that could be interpreted as a staple diet, it risks being misleading.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Net content: display net weight or quantity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Net content (net amount) is also required under the Code. It should be shown in weight (g\/kg) or volume (ml\/L), as appropriate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
For multi-packs, displaying both the total and breakdown is helpful (e.g., \u201c100 g \u00d7 10 packs\u201d). For treats, quantity-based labeling such as \u201c\u25cb sticks\u201d or \u201c\u25cb pieces\u201d is also permitted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Net content labeling also relates to measurement laws and accurate quantity control. Carefully ensure that actual contents match the labeled amount and do not fall below it due to lot variation. Overly empty packaging designed to make the content appear larger can be considered misleading.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Feeding method: appropriate daily feeding amount and frequency<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Feeding method labeling provides guidance on how much and how often to feed per day. Because energy needs vary by age, body weight, and activity level, labels typically present model feeding amounts and recommended feeding frequency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
This can be written as text, presented in a body-weight table, or supported with illustrations. The key is clarity so consumers can understand the appropriate amount intuitively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Examples<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\u201cFor an adult dog weighing 5 kg, feed approximately 100 g per day divided into two meals.\u201d\n\n\u201cDaily feeding guide by body weight: see table.\u201d\n\nFor puppies, labels often add instructions such as \u201cSoak before feeding,\u201d etc.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nAlthough feeding method is not legally mandatory, it is essential to prevent feeding errors and protect animal health\u2014especially for complete and balanced diets, where incorrect feeding can cause over- or under-nutrition. For weight-management products, combining feeding guidance with calorie\/ME information is especially useful. Including general tips such as \u201cProvide fresh water at all times\u201d can also be beneficial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Related article<\/div>Practical guide to feeding guide development and label display for complete & balanced dog and cat foods<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\nGuaranteed analysis: nutrient composition values<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
nder the Code, key nutrient composition values (guaranteed analysis) should be displayed as weight percentages for the following five items:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/i><\/div><\/div>\n\n- Crude protein:<\/strong> \u201cX% or more\u201d (minimum guaranteed value)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Crude fat:<\/strong> \u201cX% or more\u201d (minimum guaranteed value)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Crude fiber:<\/strong> \u201cX% or less\u201d (maximum value)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Crude ash:<\/strong> \u201cX% or less\u201d (maximum value)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Moisture:<\/strong> \u201cX% or less\u201d (maximum value)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Be careful to use \u201cor more\u201d for protein and fat, and \u201cor less\u201d for fiber, ash, and moisture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Example: \u201cCrude protein 25% min, crude fat 15% min, crude fiber 4% max, crude ash 8% max, moisture 10% max.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
These five items are basic indicators for evaluating nutritional content. For complete and balanced foods, values must fall within appropriate ranges and the product must meet the applicable standards (e.g., AAFCO nutrient profiles). Product developers should confirm via testing that the analysis supports the declared values and compliance. Significant deviation can cause regulatory and consumer protection issues and may risk animal health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Voluntary item: metabolizable energy (ME) labeling<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Metabolizable energy (ME) refers to the usable energy in pet food\u2014i.e., calories\u2014per kg or per 100 g. In Japan, calorie\/energy labeling is not a legal requirement and is voluntary. However, in current practice it is commonly displayed on most products and is effectively an essential piece of information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In Europe and the U.S., calorie labeling is already required (for example, AAFCO requires energy information for pet food). In Japan, while not formally mandatory, energy information is indispensable for setting feeding amounts and comparing products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ME can be calculated using AAFCO-accepted formulas (e.g., modified Atwater factors) or determined via measurement. Developers typically estimate calories from guaranteed analysis values and\/or confirm with testing, then reflect the result in labeling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Common formats include \u201cMetabolizable energy (ME): \u25cb\u25cb kcal\/100 g.\u201d For single-serve packs or treats, \u201c\u25cb kcal per pouch (\u25cb g)\u201d or \u201c\u25cb kcal per piece\u201d may be more appropriate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Key characteristics of the Pet Food Safety Act<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Penalties for labeling violations<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Violations of the labeling obligations are punishable by imprisonment for up to one year and\/or a fine of up to 1,000,000 yen<\/strong>. Pet food is subject to the Act on Securing Safety of Feed for Pet Animals (commonly known as the Pet Food Safety Act), which defines required labeling items.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Food Labeling Act for human food does not apply to pet food. Instead, the Pet Food Safety Act (enforced in 2009) provides the applicable standards. Under this Act, pet food sold in Japan must display the following five items in Japanese<\/strong> on the package:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Below, each item is explained with practical points for day-to-day labeling work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cName\u201d refers to the product name and the indication of whether it is for dogs and\/or cats. The front of the package must make it obvious at a glance whether the food is for dogs or cats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n For example, clearly state \u201c\u25cb\u25cb dog food\u201d or \u201c\u25b3\u25b3 cat food,\u201d separate from the brand\/product name if needed. In addition, include \u201cfor dogs\u201d or \u201cfor cats\u201d again in the consolidated labeling panel (detailed label area). If the product is suitable for both, it must be labeled \u201cfor dogs and cats.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n The name is often the first information consumers notice. Legally, it is sufficient to indicate \u201cfor dogs\u201d or \u201cfor cats,\u201d but in practice many brands include life stage (puppy, adult, senior) and use\/purpose for clarity. For example, \u201cComplete and balanced for adult dogs \u25cb\u25cb\u201d or \u201cWeight management cat food \u25b3\u25b3\u201d helps consumers understand the target and purpose immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The best-before date indicates the date until which the product can be fed while maintaining quality and palatability. It must be shown as year\/month\/day<\/strong> or year\/month<\/strong>, in that order, using Arabic numerals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Examples: \u201cOctober 31, 2025\u201d or \u201cOctober 2025.\u201d (If only year\/month is shown, the best-before date is the last day of that month.) Display it clearly together with a label such as \u201cBest before:\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n If best-before information is coded (e.g., letters\/numbers printed on the seal area), it is recommended to add a consumer-friendly explanation such as: \u201cIn the LOT number, \u20182306\u2019 indicates June 2023,\u201d or \u201cBest-before is printed on the bottom in day\/month\/year order,\u201d to avoid confusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n You may also voluntarily display the manufacturing date or use-by date in addition to the best-before date. In all cases, because best-before is critical for safety and quality assurance, it should be easy for consumers to find and read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The ingredients section must list all<\/strong> ingredients used in the product, without omission, including additives such as preservatives and colorants. The law does not explicitly mandate the order, but in practice it is generally recommended to list ingredients from highest to lowest inclusion level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n When labeling in accordance with the Fair Competition Code, the recommended format is: list non-additive ingredients in descending order by use amount, then list additives together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n When using additives for specific functions\u2014such as colorants, preservatives, or antioxidants\u2014labeling should include the additive name and its function\/purpose, for example: \u201cAntioxidant (mixed tocopherols).\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Certain processing aids (substances used during manufacturing that do not remain in the final product) may be exempt from labeling in some cases. However, exemptions are only allowed when supported by scientifically reasonable grounds. Be careful so that it is not considered an omission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Also note the handling of vitamin\/mineral premixes. It is not acceptable to label them simply as \u201cvitamin mix,\u201d etc. Each vitamin and mineral must be listed individually (e.g., \u201cVitamin A, Vitamin D, calcium, zinc\u2026\u201d). The ingredient list is a key source of information for consumers assessing what the product contains. Even when you want to emphasize differentiation (e.g., \u201cmade with \u25cb\u25cb chicken,\u201d \u201cgluten-free\u201d), you must label accurately within the legal framework.<\/p>\n\n\n\n If you highlight ingredient origin or quality claims, avoid misleading wording (unfairly superior claims). Use fact-based expressions that do not create misunderstanding, such as \u201cContains X% \u25cb\u25cb chicken from \u25cb\u25cb,\u201d only where accurate, and keep the risk of misleading representation in mind (explained later).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n The country of origin is the country where the final processing step<\/strong> for the pet food was completed. For imported products, the origin is not the country where ingredients were sourced, but the country where the product was finished as a product.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Label as \u201cCountry of origin: \u25cb\u25cb.\u201d If it is manufactured in Japan, it may be labeled as \u201cJapan\u201d or \u201cMade in Japan\u201d (domestic). For example, even if the ingredients are from the U.S., if the food is processed and packed in Thailand, the country of origin should be \u201cThailand.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Country-of-origin labeling strongly affects perceived reliability and safety, so using other countries\u2019 names in ways that could mislead is strictly prohibited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n For example, placing a large foreign flag or map of a different country on the package, or using place names associated with a country other than the actual origin (\u201cParis\u201d when not made in France) can create the risk of misleading consumers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Fair Competition Code also specifies that you must not use labeling that could mislead consumers about the origin beyond the origin statement itself. Even when promoting the use of overseas ingredients, keep the presentation consistent with the actual country-of-origin labeling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Packages must display the business operator\u2019s name (or individual name) and address. This ensures that, in case of problems, responsibility is clear and allows swift investigation and recall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In practice, it is recommended to clarify the operator type\u2014manufacturer, importer, or distributor\u2014for example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Avoid vague terms such as \u201cmanufactured by\u201d or \u201cdistributed by\u201d in an informal way; use formal role designations such as \u201cmanufacturer,\u201d \u201cimporter,\u201d or \u201cdistributor\/seller,\u201d as appropriate. Because the legal obligation is \u201cname and address,\u201d the address must be included\u2014not just the company name.<\/p>\n\n\n\n For imported products, it is common to list the importer responsible for distribution in Japan. You may also list the overseas manufacturer, but it is not mandatory. Do not abbreviate the address; include details accurately, including building name and unit\/room number where applicable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n These are the five mandatory items under the Pet Food Safety Act. It is generally recommended to group them into one consolidated labeling area. Even with limited package space, layout should be designed for clarity and readability. Next, we explain additional items under the \u201cFair Competition Code\u201d and other practical voluntary information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The pet food industry in Japan has a self-regulatory standard called the \u201cFair Competition Code Concerning Labeling of Pet Food\u201d (approved by the Japan Fair Trade Commission and the Consumer Affairs Agency).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Member companies of the Pet Food Fair Trade Council comply with this Code and, in addition to the five legal items, they label four further items: purpose, net content, feeding method, and composition (guaranteed analysis).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Even for non-member companies, these items are not legally mandatory, but they are essentially standard in practice because they provide consumers with useful information and are commonly expected in the marketplace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Under the Code, pet food products should display the product\u2019s \u201cpurpose\u201d using one of the following four categories:<\/p>\n\n\n\n This indicates how the product should be positioned (staple diet, treat, etc.), enabling consumers to understand its role correctly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A diet designed to provide all essential nutrients necessary to maintain health for a specific life stage when fed with water. It must specify the applicable life stage (puppy\/kitten, adult, senior, or \u201call life stages\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n To label a product \u201ccomplete and balanced,\u201d it must meet nutritional standards (e.g., AAFCO nutrient profiles) and the compliance must be supported via analysis and\/or feeding trials. Some labels also include a statement that the product meets the \u201ccomplete and balanced\u201d standards for a specified life stage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Supplemental foods fed as rewards or treats, such as jerky, biscuits, or freeze-dried treats. Because these are not staple foods and are often palatability-focused, it is also advisable to include guidance to avoid overfeeding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A diet intended to support treatment or management of specific diseases under veterinary guidance. Because this category differs from general pet food, special care is needed with labeling (e.g., statements such as \u201cFeed only under the guidance of a veterinarian\u201d). Note that labeling therapeutic diets may require notification\/filing with the Fair Trade Council and must remain within acceptable labeling boundaries, including considerations related to pharmaceutical regulations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Foods intended for purposes other than the above, such as complementary foods, side dishes, or topping-type products that are not complete and balanced. Such products should indicate that they are to be fed together with other foods (e.g., \u201cFeed in combination with complete and balanced food\u201d). Examples include \u201ccomplementary food,\u201d \u201cside dish,\u201d or \u201csupplementary food.\u201d This purpose labeling is critical\u2014especially \u201ccomplete and balanced,\u201d which signals that the diet is nutritionally complete as the main meal. If a product that does not meet the standards is labeled in a way that could be interpreted as a staple diet, it risks being misleading.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n Net content (net amount) is also required under the Code. It should be shown in weight (g\/kg) or volume (ml\/L), as appropriate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n For multi-packs, displaying both the total and breakdown is helpful (e.g., \u201c100 g \u00d7 10 packs\u201d). For treats, quantity-based labeling such as \u201c\u25cb sticks\u201d or \u201c\u25cb pieces\u201d is also permitted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Net content labeling also relates to measurement laws and accurate quantity control. Carefully ensure that actual contents match the labeled amount and do not fall below it due to lot variation. Overly empty packaging designed to make the content appear larger can be considered misleading.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Feeding method labeling provides guidance on how much and how often to feed per day. Because energy needs vary by age, body weight, and activity level, labels typically present model feeding amounts and recommended feeding frequency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n This can be written as text, presented in a body-weight table, or supported with illustrations. The key is clarity so consumers can understand the appropriate amount intuitively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Although feeding method is not legally mandatory, it is essential to prevent feeding errors and protect animal health\u2014especially for complete and balanced diets, where incorrect feeding can cause over- or under-nutrition. For weight-management products, combining feeding guidance with calorie\/ME information is especially useful. Including general tips such as \u201cProvide fresh water at all times\u201d can also be beneficial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n nder the Code, key nutrient composition values (guaranteed analysis) should be displayed as weight percentages for the following five items:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Be careful to use \u201cor more\u201d for protein and fat, and \u201cor less\u201d for fiber, ash, and moisture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Example: \u201cCrude protein 25% min, crude fat 15% min, crude fiber 4% max, crude ash 8% max, moisture 10% max.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n These five items are basic indicators for evaluating nutritional content. For complete and balanced foods, values must fall within appropriate ranges and the product must meet the applicable standards (e.g., AAFCO nutrient profiles). Product developers should confirm via testing that the analysis supports the declared values and compliance. Significant deviation can cause regulatory and consumer protection issues and may risk animal health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Metabolizable energy (ME) refers to the usable energy in pet food\u2014i.e., calories\u2014per kg or per 100 g. In Japan, calorie\/energy labeling is not a legal requirement and is voluntary. However, in current practice it is commonly displayed on most products and is effectively an essential piece of information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In Europe and the U.S., calorie labeling is already required (for example, AAFCO requires energy information for pet food). In Japan, while not formally mandatory, energy information is indispensable for setting feeding amounts and comparing products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ME can be calculated using AAFCO-accepted formulas (e.g., modified Atwater factors) or determined via measurement. Developers typically estimate calories from guaranteed analysis values and\/or confirm with testing, then reflect the result in labeling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Common formats include \u201cMetabolizable energy (ME): \u25cb\u25cb kcal\/100 g.\u201d For single-serve packs or treats, \u201c\u25cb kcal per pouch (\u25cb g)\u201d or \u201c\u25cb kcal per piece\u201d may be more appropriate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\nMandatory labeling under the Pet Food Safety Act<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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1. Name: product name and intended animal category<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Examples<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
You may add wording that clarifies the target animal and life stage, such as \u201cAdult dog food \u25cb\u25cb\u201d or \u201cKitten nutritional supplement.\u201d If the product can also be fed to animals other than dogs\/cats, you must still clearly indicate the dog\/cat applicability, e.g., \u201cfor dogs, cats, and \u25cb\u25cb.\u201d<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n2. Best-before date: clear year\/month(\/day) indication<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
3. Ingredients: list all ingredients (including additives)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Country of origin: label the country of final processing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
5. Business operator name and address: clearly identify the responsible party<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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Example<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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1-2-3 \u25cb\u25cb, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, \u25cb\u25cb Building 5F<\/li>\n\n\n\nThe \u201cfour labeling items\u201d under the Fair Competition Code<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Purpose: intended use category<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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Complete and balanced<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Snacks\/treats<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Therapeutic diet<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Other purpose foods<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\nNet content: display net weight or quantity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Feeding method: appropriate daily feeding amount and frequency<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Examples<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u201cFor an adult dog weighing 5 kg, feed approximately 100 g per day divided into two meals.\u201d\n\n\u201cDaily feeding guide by body weight: see table.\u201d\n\nFor puppies, labels often add instructions such as \u201cSoak before feeding,\u201d etc.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nGuaranteed analysis: nutrient composition values<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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Voluntary item: metabolizable energy (ME) labeling<\/h3>\n\n\n\n